Chemical Methods for Hydrolyzing Dairy Manure Fiber: A Concise Review
نویسندگان
چکیده
This paper reviews the chemical hydrolysis processes of dairy manure fiber to make its sugar accessible microorganisms during anaerobic digestion and identifies obstacles opportunities. Researchers, so far, investigated acid, alkali, sulfite, advanced oxidation (such as hydrogen peroxide assisted by microwave/ultrasound irradiation, conventional boiling, wet oxidation), or their combinations. Generally, dilute acid (3–10%) is less effective than concentrated (12.5–75%), which decrystallizes cellulose. Excessive alkaline may produce difficult-to-degrade oxycellulose. Therefore, multi-step (without alkaline) preferred. Such yielded 84% 80% manure-to-glucose -xylose conversion, respectively. Acid pretreatment increases lignin concentration in treated hinders subsequent enzymatic but compatible with fungal cellulolytic enzymes favor low pH. Manure high alkalinity affects lowers glucose yield. Accordingly, ratio agent initial concentration, reaction temperature duration, fineness need optimization because they affect rate. Optimizing these factors combining should balance removing hemicellulose and/or increasing cellulose concentrations while not hindering any process. The reviewed methods are neither economical nor integratable on-farm digestion. Economic analysis energy be monolithic components research. More research required assess effects nitrogen content on processes, optimize it, determine if another necessary.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Energies
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['1996-1073']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196159